Science - Making salts

Making Salts 

Aim -  To produce sodium chloride salt by carrying out a neutralisation reaction.

Equipment - 50 mL and 200 mL bealers, dilute HCI (hydrochloric acid), dilute NaOH (sodium hydroxide), 25 mL measuring cylinder, a glass stirring rod, spotting tile, universal indicator solution, tripod, gauze mat, bunsen burner, evaporating basin. 

Method - 

1. Using the measuring cylinder measure 10 mL of HCI and pour it into your 50 mL beaker. Add dilute NaOH a few drops at a time while stirring with the glass rod. 

2. Every 10-15 drops stop adding the NaOH and use the glass stirring rod to transfer a drop of the solution to a spotting tile. Test its pH using universal indicator.

3. Keep adding NaOH and testing the solution by repeating step 2. Ad you get closer to neutral you may need to test the solutoin after every drop. 

4. Pour the neutral solution into an evaporating basin and evaporate the water out of the solution using the equipment set up shown above. 

Evaporation experiment

Experiment 

We have been learning about distillation, evaporation and dilution. Evaporation is when liquid turns into gas.

Solute- solid
Solvent- liquid
Solution- mixture
Copper sulphate-sulphur & oxygen
Aim-  To evaporate copper sulphate ( blue liquid )- solution
Hypothesis- I think that the water will bubble up and make the copper sulphate heat up and turn into gas, leaving the solid behind.
Equipment- Gauze mate, 250 ml beaker, heat proof mat, evaporating basin, element, copper sulphate solution

Method: 

1. Set up element
2. Add 100mL of hot water to the beaker and place on the element.
3. Add copper sulphate to the evaporating basin until it is quarter full.
4. Carefully, place the the evaporating basin on top of the beaker. 
5. Turn on the element to 3
6. Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated and crystals of solute are forming. 
7. Turn off the element- careful not to touch as will be hot for a long time.

Observations- 
The water starts to boil up, steam is starting to come out from the top through to the evaporating dish, 
Conclusion- My hypothesis was right the water boiled up making the copper sulphate evaporate into gas/steam leaving the solid behind! Blue crystals were formed after the boiling was done.

dilution experiment

Serial Dilution

Today in chemistry class we learnt how to make water look dilute ( weak ) and concentrated ( strong ). We started off by using the getting 6 test tubes and filling 5 of them with 5 mills of water and the other with 10 mills. Then the teacher came around and filled the test tube with 10 mills of water with some potassium permanganate. After that we used a pipette to take 5 mills out of the test tube with potassium permanganate into another test tube, then poured 5 mills from that test tube into another and kept repeating till the last test tube was filled. The finishing results shouldve shown a colour difference by having one test tube looking light than the others, so showing dilute test tubes and concentrated test tubes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------